Direct Participation in Poland Compared with Other European Countries

The author analyses the process of direct participation in Poland compared with other European countries. analysis includes a review subject literature and new qualitative study carried out as part DIRECT project (2017–2018) co-financed by Commission. article aims to examine trends outline various components process. defines (DP) conferral upon subordinates tasks that they are expected perform more or less autonomously. A complex picture is offered on basis data gathered from research, although there concurrence between results quantitative research pursued date research. Of note lack continuity many dimensions, such work organisation, instruments applied practice, differences management ideas actual day-to-day including terms official formal mechanisms versus unofficial informal ones.